John F. Kennedy
(1917-1963)
 
         John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917-1963) was the 35th President of the United States. His presidency lasted from 1961 until 1963. He was the youngest President that America had elected. Kennedy was born in Brookline, Massachusetts. He was the second of nine children. He graduated from Harvard in 1940. He had wanted to fight in World War II, but the army rejected him because of his back injury. The U.S. Navy accepted him. He was the commander of PT Boat 109 in the South Pacific. A Japanese destroyer in the war rammed his boat. Kennedy and the other survivors clung to the wreckage in the South Pacific. They swam to an island where they were stranded for four days until friendly natives were encountered. The natives took a message for help, which was carved on a coconut shell, to U.S. infantry patrol. Kennedy and the other survivors were finally rescued. Kennedy had to return to the U.S. for medical treatment because of his back problems and he also had been infected with malaria.

         Kennedy entered politics in 1944. After he became a congressman in 1953, he married Jacqueline Lee Bouvier. After Congress had recessed for the summer, Kennedy met with his doctors to discuss options of how to eliminate his back pain. The doctors suggested that Kennedy should have two disks in his spine fused. Since Kennedy suffered from Addison’s disease, the surgery would be risky because he was susceptible to infections. Three days after the surgery, Kennedy got a severe infection. His condition became so critical that his family was called to be with him. Kennedy survived the scare and recovered after a few months.

        Kennedy won the 1960 presidential election by 113,000 votes over the Republican candidate Richard Nixon. While in office, Kennedy asked Congress to allow equal opportunity for blacks including the right to vote, attend public schools, access to public accommodations, and the right to the same jobs as whites.  John and Jacqueline Kennedy had three children together- Caroline, John Jr., and Patrick. Unfortunately, Patrick died in 1963 shortly after he was born. He had been born with a lung ailment.

        There were many significant happenings in foreign affairs during Kennedy’s presidency. The Bay of Pigs as well as the Cuban Missile Crisis were two prominent military affairs. The Cuban Missile crisis was probably the world’s closest approach to a nuclear war. In 1960, Cuba was going to be supplied with nuclear missiles that would impose a close threat to the U.S. The Bay of Pigs was an attempt of the U.S. to overthrow Castro and Communism at the same time. Kennedy felt terrible about the failed attack on Cuba. He was quoted as saying, “How could I have been so stupid?”

         On November 22, 1963, Kennedy was assassinated as he rode with his wife in a convertible down the streets of Dallas, Texas. Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested for the murder of Kennedy. Two days later, Oswald was killed during his transfer to another jail. Oswald was shot and killed by a Dallas nightclub owner Jack Ruby.

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